2014年2月27日星期四

overview of kidney failure

When your kidneys lose function gradually,at last will cause kidney failure.If you enter this stage,will spend more time and money to treatment it.

When your kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from your body, dangerous levels of waste and fluids build up. This condition is known as kidney failure or renal failure. Sometimes this occurs acutely, such as after surgery or if blood vessels leading to or from kidneys are blocked. Chronic kidney failure, however, develops slowly over time, and most people don't know they have it until it is in its advanced stages.
When kidney function has decreased to less than 25 percent of normal capacity, symptoms often appear. Two common causes of chronic renal failure are high blood pressure and diabetes. During end-stage renal disease, when kidneys function at less than 10 percent of normal, the kidneys cannot sustain life. Western medicine believes that dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary in order to stay alive.
When left alone, chronic kidney failure can lead to other complications, such as congestive heart failure, weak bones, and central nervous system damage. The symptoms do not usually occur until after irreversible damage has occurred. These symptoms include decreased urine output, unexplained weight loss, high blood pressure, anemia, and fatigue. Itching skin, muscle cramps, and intestinal bleeding can also occur.

Many things can lead to chronic kidney failure, although diabetes and hypertension are the two most common causes. Obstructive nephropathy, when urine outflow is blocked by an enlarged prostate, tumors, or kidney stones, can also cause it. Other kidney diseases such as polycystic kidney disease, kidney infections, and glomerulonephritis, where your kidneys leak protein into your urine, are other causes.

how to improve the prognosis of kidney failure patients

Different from the previous kidney treatment, blood pollution therapy focuses on treating patients’ polluted blood before reversing their kidney damage. As a great breakthrough for treating various kidney disease in this year, this therapy shows dramatically therapeutic effect.

Have any questions? Contact Our Toll-Free Doctor For Free.





2014年2月23日星期日

Mild-to-moderate Chronic Kidney Disease

High blood pressure is one of common symptoms in CKD patients,Now let us learn more about Mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease.

If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD) then your kidneys are not working as well as they once did. Various conditions can cause CKD. Severity can vary but most cases are: mild or moderate, occur in older people, do not cause symptoms and do not progress to kidney failure. People with any stage of CKD have an increased risk of developing heart disease or a stroke. This is why it is important to detect even mild CKD, as treatment may not only slow down the progression of the disease, but also reduces the risk of developing heart disease or stroke. This leaflet is for people who have been diagnosed with mild-to-moderate CKD (stage 1, 2 or 3 CKD). A separate leaflet in this series, called Chronic Kidney Disease, is more appropriate if you have more severe CKD (stage 4 or 5 CKD).

Understanding the kidneys and urine



The two kidneys lie to the sides of the upper part of the tummy (abdomen), behind the intestines, and either side of the spine. Each kidney is about the size of a large orange, but bean-shaped.
A large artery - the renal artery - takes blood to each kidney. The artery divides into many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) throughout the kidney. In the outer part of the kidneys, tiny blood vessels cluster together to form structures called glomeruli.
Each glomerulus is like a filter. The structure of the glomerulus allows waste products and some water and salt to pass from the blood into a tiny channel called a tubule. The liquid that remains at the end of each tubule is called urine. The urine then passes down a tube called a ureter which goes from each kidney to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder until it is passed out when we go to the toilet.
The main functions of the kidneys are to:
Filter out waste products from the bloodstream, to be passed out in the urine.
Help control blood pressure - partly by the amount of water passed out of the body as urine and partly by making hormones which are involved in blood pressure control.
Make a hormone called erythropoietin (epo) which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. This is needed to prevent anaemia.
Help keep various salts and chemicals in the blood at the right level.
Related articlesqChronic Kidney Disease
Proteinuria
Polycystic Kidney Disease

What is chronic kidney disease?

CKD means that your kidneys are affected in some way. As a result, your kidneys may not work as well as they used to. A whole range of conditions can cause CKD (see later).
Some terms explained:
Chronic means ongoing (persistent or long-term). It does not mean severe as some people think. You can have a mild chronic disease. Many people have mild CKD.
Renal means relating to the kidney.
Chronic renal failure is a term that is sometimes used but means much the same as CKD. CKD is a better term, as the word failure implies that the kidneys have totally stopped working. In most cases of CKD this is not so. In most people who have CKD there is only a mild or moderate reduction in kidney function, which usually does not cause symptoms, and the kidneys have not failed.
How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?
A simple blood test can estimate the volume of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli in your kidneys over a given period of time. This test is called the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A normal eGFR is 90 ml/min/1.73 m or more. If some of the glomeruli (the tiny filters in the kidneys) do not filter as much as normal, then the kidney is said to have reduced or impaired kidney function.
CKD is diagnosed by the eGFR and other factors, and is divided into five stages:
Stage of Chronic Kidney DiseaseeGFR ml/min/1.73 m
Stage 1: the eGFR shows normal kidney function but you are already known to have some kidney damage or disease. For example, you may have some protein or blood in your urine, an abnormality of your kidney, kidney inflammation, etc.90 or more
Stage 2: mildly reduced kidney function AND you are already known to have some kidney damage or disease. People with an eGFR of 60-89 without any known kidney damage or disease are not considered to have chronic kidney disease (CKD).60 to 89
Stage 3: moderately reduced kidney function. (With or without a known kidney disease. For example, an elderly person with ageing kidneys may have reduced kidney function without a specific known kidney disease.)45 to 59 (3A)
30 to 44 (3B)
Stage 4: severely reduced kidney function. (With or without known kidney disease.)15 to 29
Stage 5: very severely reduced kidney function. This is sometimes called end-stage kidney failure or established renal failure.Less than 15
Who has the estimated glomerular filtration rate test?
The eGFR blood test is commonly done as a routine part of monitoring people with kidney diseases or with conditions that can affect the kidneys, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. It is also often done as a routine test in many medical situations. If you are found to have CKD then the eGFR test is usually done at regular intervals to monitor your kidney function.

How common is chronic kidney disease?

About 1 in 10 people have some degree of CKD. It can develop at any age and various conditions can lead to CKD. It becomes more common with increasing age and is more common in women.
Although about half of people aged 75 or more have some degree of CKD, most of these people do not actually have diseases of their kidneys; they have normal ageing of their kidneys. Most cases of CKD are mild or moderate (stages 1-3).

What causes chronic kidney disease?

A number of conditions can cause permanent damage to the kidneys and/or affect the function of the kidneys and lead to CKD. Three common causes in the UK, which probably account for about 3 in 4 cases of CKD in adults, are:
Diabetes. Diabetic kidney disease is a common complication of diabetes.
High blood pressure. Untreated or poorly treated high blood pressure is a major cause of CKD. However, CKD can also cause high blood pressure, as the kidney has a role in blood pressure regulation. About nine out of ten people with CKD stages 3-5 have high blood pressure.
Ageing kidneys. There appears to be an age-related decline in kidney function. About half of people aged 75 or more have some degree of CKD. In most of these cases the CKD does not progress beyond the moderate stage unless other problems of the kidney develop, such as diabetic kidney disease.
There are various other less common conditions that can cause CKD.

Treatments

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is a treatment option for kidney disease patients who still have urine output. It is highly recommended as it has been proven to be able to improve kidney function.

Have any questions?send me an email kidney-treatment@hotmail.com .


2014年2月20日星期四

Can Nephrotic Syndrome lead to Kidney Failure?

Can Nephrotic Syndrome lead to kidney failure?I think every patients with nephrotic syndrome will care this problem.Now let us solove this proble from What is Nephrotic Syndrome.


Nephrotic syndrome refers to a group of clinical symptoms, including large amount of proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia.
Nephrotic syndrome patients do have the possibility to lead to renal failure, but not every patient will definitely develop renal failure. The prognosis of each case should depend on the patient’s specific illness and physical conditions and many factors need to be taken into account such as the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome, age, gender, level of proteinuria, blood pressure, response to the therapy.
Many disease and illness conditions can cause nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is usually classified into 4 types according to different pathogenic lesions. They are minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, mesangial proliferative glomerular nephritis.
Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and it usually does not lead to chronic renal failure because children patients often have good response to steroids.
However other diseases such as FSGS will often progress into renal failure and loss of kidney functions because of its poor response to hormone therapy and high recurrent rate.
Besides, there are many causes of nephrotic syndrome. They are infections, diabetic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, renal vein thrombosis, heart failure, etc.
The first step to prevent renal failure is to bring the underlying cause well under control so as to avoid further renal damages. Then effective treatments should be received to alleviate symptoms and complications such as high blood pressure and proteinuria which will in turn worsen renal damages if not treated properly or timely. Well control of blood pressure and reducing protein in urine can greatly slow its progression into renal failure.
Also there are some risk factors that can speed up the illness progression of nephrotic syndrome, therefore it is very important to learn them and have early prevention. They include certain medicines such as anti-inflammatory and anti-infection drugs; certain infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, malaria; certain illness conditions such as diabetes, lupus, amyloidosis, etc.

Do you have any other questions? You can send an email to the experts in Funeng Kidney Disease Hospital: funenghospital@gmail.com, or you also can call the phone number directly 626-226-9366 or +86 536-8165000; our experts will reply you as soon as possible.

Treatment

Cycle Therapy is a brand-new therapy that created by the excellent experts in our hospital. Depending on the natural theories like black hole and big bang, vortex theory and yin-yang fish, it aims at drawing out pathogenic factors in blood tier through Chinese medicine.


Do you have any other questions? You can send an email to the experts in Kidney Hospital China.chinakidneyhospital@gmail.com

2014年2月18日星期二

Diet and treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease

PKD is an genetic kidney disease.And it include ADPKD and ARPKD,ARPKD often occur in children,And will have difficult to cure it.And ADPKD will occur in adult,And If you have a good diet and efficient treatment will ease it and have a long Life Expectancy.

Diet for Polycystic Kidney Disease


PKD patients should take foods in a balance amount, not too much or too little. As for PKD patients, they can have less food at one time but more times in one day to keep energetic and nutritious.
1. PKD patients should have more water (4000ml) and the urine output should be maintained at about 2000-2500ml.
2. Polluted foods which can cause gastrointestinal diseases or even poisoning symptoms should be forbidden.
3. PKD patients should have a diet with low salt, low fat and low protein. They should avoid beef and mutton, animal innards as well as spicy and excitant foods. Uncooked and cold foods which may injure spleen and stomach should be limited in a certain amount which should depend on patients' specific illness and physical conditions.
4. More fruit and vegetables with rich vitamins are suggested especially those that have the functions of dissolving stones and diuresis. Alkaline foods should also be eaten more.
5. PKD patients should avoid alcohol, tobacco, strong tea and foods and drinks containing caffeine.

Treatment for Polycystic Kidney Disease


There are a therapy named Blood Pollution Therapy.let me show you the amazing therapy.The polluted blood flowed in patients’ body is the primary cause of kidney diseases. Blood Pollution Therapy is the latest treatment for kidney disease, which can treat kidney problems from the polluted blood instead of the kidneys.

have any question about this therapy or other proble of kidney disease you could send me an email. chinakidneyhospital@gmail.com

could Nephrotic syndrome cause Shortness of breath?

Difficulty breathing in nephrotic syndrome is caused by fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema).and now let us see a overview.could Nephrotic syndrome cause Shortness of breath?

Shortness of breath (latest reports from 1,271,606 patients) has been reported by people with high blood pressure, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, pain relief by acupuncture.
On Jan, 27, 2014: 985 people who have nephrotic syndrome are studied. Among them, 29 (2.94%) have Shortness Of Breath.
Trend of Shortness of breath in nephrotic syndrome reports

Gender of people who have nephrotic syndrome and experienced Shortness of breath * :
FemaleMale
Shortness of breath22.22%77.78%
Age of people who have nephrotic syndrome and experienced Shortness of breath * :
0-12-910-1920-2930-3940-4950-5960+
Shortness of breath0.00%6.82%52.27%15.91%15.91%2.27%2.27%4.55%
Severity of the symptom * :
n/a
Top co-existing conditions for these people * :
Nephrotic syndrome (29 people, 100.00%)
Glomerulonephritis membranous (10 people, 34.48%)
Stomatitis (8 people, 27.59%)
Factor ix deficiency (8 people, 27.59%)
Hiv infection (8 people, 27.59%)
Oral candidiasis (6 people, 20.69%)
Proteinuria (4 people, 13.79%)
Pain in extremity (4 people, 13.79%)
Hepatitis c (4 people, 13.79%)
Hyperuricaemia (4 people, 13.79%)
Most common drugs used by these people * :
Furosemide (28 people, 96.55%)
Mycophenolate mofetil (14 people, 48.28%)
Omeprazole (12 people, 41.38%)
Prednisolone (11 people, 37.93%)
Tacrolimus (10 people, 34.48%)
Prednisone (10 people, 34.48%)
Aldactone (9 people, 31.03%)
Hydrochlorothiazide (8 people, 27.59%)
Sandimmune (8 people, 27.59%)

Spironolactone (8 people, 27.59%)
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Treatment of Shortness of breath in nephrotic syndrome

The polluted blood flowed in patients’ body is the primary cause of kidney diseases. Blood Pollution Therapy is the latest treatment for kidney disease, which can treat kidney problems from the polluted blood instead of the kidneys.




2014年2月15日星期六

How to ease hyperkalemia in kidney failure

If you were diagnosed with kidney failure,maybe you will occur a symptom that is hyperkalemia.So I want to tell you how do we solve hyperkalemia in kidney failure.

Patients with kidney failure appear high potassium should be deal with as soon as possible.we need different treatment to cure the kidney disease. Today we discussed from three aspects.The Potassium in blood increased sharply when it is usually need to take active measures to treat in short time.We need the help of the doctor by correct acidosis who use of certain medicine to potassium dropped to normal level in a short period of time.For particularly serious patients, they should give blood dialysis treatment.For hyperkalemia slightly higher, the illness is not serious , we can reduce potassium though the habits and customs.First of all, daily intake of potassium content control in 50 to 60mmol.Stay away from coffee, bananas, oranges, spinach, potato,which food is containing higher potassium. It should be noted that broth containing potassium is high, so the patients shouldn’t go to eat soup, meat for vegetables, especially high potassium shouldn’t go to eat soup either.Far from leading to a high potassium medicine including inhibiting renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system medication, beta adrenergic receptor blockers, indomethacin and inhibition of potassium in the distal renal tubular secretion of medicine (e.g., spironolactone, ammonia, benzene pteridine),which will cause hyperkalemia increased for the renal failure patients .

Treatment 


Different from the traditional Chinese medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovation to treat kidney disease in the external area of kidney lesions. It can treat kidney disease from the root cause and effectively prevent the relapse of kidney disease.

Have any question? send me an email to chinakidneyhospital@gmail.com or contact me.

2014年2月13日星期四

10 symptoms of kidney disease

If you were diagnosed with disease disease,pay more attention about the symptoms is essential.


"Many people who have chronic kidney disease don't know it, because the early signs can be very subtle. It can take many years to go from chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. Some people with live out their lives without ever reaching kidney failure.

However, for people at any stage of kidney disease, knowledge is power. Knowing the symptoms of kidney disease can help you get the treatment you need to feel your best. If you or someone you know has one or more of the following symptoms of kidney disease, or you are worried about kidney problems, see a doctor for blood and urine tests. Remember, many of the symptoms can be due to reasons other than kidney disease. The only way to know the cause of your symptoms is to see your doctor.

Symptom 1: Changes in Urination
Kidneys make urine, so when the kidneys are failing, the urine may change. How?


- You may have to get up at night to urinate.

- Urine may be foamy or bubbly. You may urinate more often, or in greater amounts than usual, with pale urine.
- You may urinate less often, or in smaller amounts than usual with dark colored urine.
- Your urine may contain blood.
- You may feel pressure or have difficulty urinating.

What patients said:

"When you go to use the restroom, you couldn't get it all out. And it would still feel just like tightness down there, there was so much pressure."

"My urine is what I had started noticing. Then I was frequently going to the bathroom, and when I got there, nothing's happening. You think, 'Hey, I've got to go to the john,' and you get there: two, three drops."

"I was passing blood in my urine. It was so dark it looked like grape Kool-Aid. And when I went to the hospital they thought I was lying about what color it was."

Symptom 2: Swelling


Failing kidneys don't remove extra fluid, which builds up in your body causing swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face, and/or hands.

What patients said:
"I remember a lot of swelling in my ankles. My ankles were so big I couldn't get my shoes on."

"My sister, her hair started to fall out, she was losing weight, but her face was really puffy, you know, and everything like that, before she found out what was going on with her."

"Going to work one morning, my left ankle was swollen, real swollen, and I was very exhausted just walking to the bus stop. And I knew then that I had to see a doctor."

Symptom 3: Fatigue

Healthy kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin (a-rith'-ro-po'-uh-tin) that tells your body to make oxygen-carrying red blood cells. As the kidneys fail, they make less erythropoietin. With fewer red blood cells to carry oxygen, your muscles and brain become tired very quickly. This condition is called anemia, and it can be treated.

What patients said:
"I was constantly exhausted and didn't have any pep or anything."

"I would sleep a lot. I'd come home from work and get right in that bed."

"It's just like when you're extremely tired all the time. Fatigued, and you're just drained, even if you didn't do anything, just totally drained."

Symptom 4: Skin Rash/Itching

Kidneys remove wastes from the bloodstream. When the kidneys fail, the buildup of wastes in your blood can cause severe itching.

What patients said:

"It's not really a skin itch or anything, it's just right down to the bone. I had to get a brush and dig. My back was just bloody from scratching it so much."

"My skin had broke out, I was itching and scratching a lot."

Symptom 5: Metallic Taste in Mouth/Ammonia Breath
A buildup of wastes in the blood (called uremia) can make food taste different and cause bad breath. You may also notice that you stop liking to eat meat, or that you are losing weight because you just don't feel like eating.

What patients said:


"Foul taste in your mouth. Almost like you're drinking iron."

"You don't have the appetite you used to have."

"Before I started dialysis, I must have lost around about 10 pounds."

Symptom 6: Nausea and Vomiting

A severe buildup of wastes in the blood (uremia) can also cause nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite can lead to weight loss.

What patients said:


"I had a lot of itching, and I was nauseated, throwing up all the time. I couldn't keep anything down in my stomach."

"When I got the nausea, I couldn't eat and I had a hard time taking my blood pressure pills."

Symptom 7: Shortness of Breath


Trouble catching your breath can be related to the kidneys in two ways. First, extra fluid in the body can build up in the lungs. And second, anemia (a shortage of oxygen-carrying red blood cells) can leave your body oxygen-starved and short of breath.

What patients said:
"At the times when I get the shortness of breath, it's alarming to me. It just fears me. I think maybe I might fall or something so I usually go sit down for awhile."

"I couldn't sleep at night. I couldn't catch my breath, like I was drowning or something. And, the bloating, can't breathe, can't walk anywhere. It was bad."

"You go up a set of stairs and you're out of breath, or you do work and you get tired and you have to stop."

Symptom 8: Feeling Cold

Anemia can make you feel cold all the time, even in a warm room.

What patients said:

"I notice sometimes I get really cold, I get chills."

"Sometimes I get really, really cold. It could be hot, and I'd be cold."

Symptom 9: Dizziness and Trouble ConcentratingAnemia related to kidney failure means that your brain is not getting enough oxygen. This can lead to memory problems, trouble with concentration, and dizziness.

What patients said:

"I know I mentioned to my wife that my memory—I couldn't remember what I did last week, or maybe what I had 2 days ago. I couldn't really concentrate, because I like to work crossword puzzles and read a lot."

"I was always tired and dizzy."
"It got to the point, like, I used to be at work, and all of the sudden I'd start getting dizzy. So I was thinking maybe it was my blood pressure or else diabetes was going bad. That's what was on my mind."

Symptom 10: Leg/Flank Pain

Some people with kidney problems may have pain in the back or side related to the affected kidney. Polycystic kidney disease, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver, can cause pain.

Treatment

Different from the traditional Chinese medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovation to treat kidney disease in the external area of kidney lesions. It can treat kidney disease from the root cause and effectively prevent the relapse of kidney disease.

contact me,if you have interested in this therapy.



2014年2月12日星期三

Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Anaemia is one of common symptoms of chronic kidney disease.know let us learn more about anaemia in chronic kidney disease.

In patients with chronic kidney disease, normochromic normocytic anaemia mainly develops from decreased renal synthesis of erythropoietin. The anaemia becomes more severe as the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) progressively decreases. No reticulocyte response occurs, red blood cell survival is decreased, and there is an associatedincreased bleeding tendency due to uraemia-induced platelet dysfunction.
Iron deficiency is also common in patients with chronic kidney disease. The iron deficiency may be absolute, often due to poor dietary intake or sometimes occult bleeding, or functional, when there is an imbalance between the iron requirements of the erythroid marrow and the actual iron supply. Iron deficiency leads to a reduction in formation of red cell haemoglobin, causing hypochromic microcytic anaemia. Other causes for anaemia in chronic kidney disease include the presence of uraemic inhibitors (eg parathyroid hormone, inflammatory cytokines), reduced half-life of circulating blood cells, and deficiencies of folate or vitamin B12.
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Aetiology


Studies of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have shown that the prevalence of anaemia (defined as a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL in men and postmenopausal women and less than 11 g/dL in premenopausal women) is about 12%.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III study showed that the prevalence of anaemia increases as eGFR falls (1% at eGFR 60, 9% at 30 and 33% at eGFR 15 ml/min/1.73 m2).
In patients with chronic renal failure, patients withdiabetes are at a greater risk of developing anaemia earlier in the course of their disease (associated with inappropriately low levels of erythropoietin). Comparing patients with similar eGFR and erythropoietin levels, those with type 2 diabetes are generally more anaemic.

Presentation

Often diagnosed by routine review blood tests.
Renal anaemia may lead to the onset or aggravation of lethargy, cold intolerance and loss of stamina.
Anaemia increases cardiac output, therefore contributing to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation.

Differential diagnosis

Causes of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), other than renal failure itself, include:
Chronic blood loss
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Hypothyroidism
Chronic infection or inflammation
Hyperparathyroidism
Aluminium toxicity
Malignancy
Haemolysis
Bone marrow infiltration
Pure red cell aplasia
Related blog posts

Investigations

Investigate patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) if their haemoglobin falls to 11 g/dL or less, or they get symptoms due to anaemia, such as tiredness or breathlessness.
This will involve ruling out other causes of anaemia, assessment of renal function, assessment of any cardiovascular and other complications of anaemia or chronic kidney disease.
Renal function, eGFR and electrolytes.
FBC, blood film, iron studies (ferritin, transferrin saturation, iron), B12 and folate. Where ferritin <100 μg/L there is iron-deficiency anaemia. If ferritin is above this level, a functional iron deficiency (and hence a requirement for iron supplementation) is defined by the percentage of hypochromic red cells >6% (if test is available) or otherwise a transferrin saturation <20%.
Other investigations will be determined by likely alternative diagnoses and cardiovascular effects of anaemia, eg thyroid function tests, renal ultrasound, echocardiography, investigations for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Management

Any patient with chronic kidney disease presenting with anaemia:
Should be referred to the local specialist renal department for full assessment and management. Clinical assessment should include an assessment of nutrition, general wellbeing and other possible causes for anaemia (eg occult blood loss).
Blood pressure should also be checked and any other factor suggesting acute on chronic renal failure, eg infection.
The basic blood test investigations as outlined above should be sent (ensuring the results are available at the renal department).
Management of anaemia should be considered in people with anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) when the haemoglobin level is less than or equal to 11 g/dL (or 10 g/dL if under 2 years of age).
In people with anaemia of CKD, treatment should aim to maintain stable haemoglobin levels between 10 and 12 g/dL for adults and children aged over 2 years, and between 9.5 and 11.5 g/dL in children aged under 2 years.
Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents should be offered to patients with anaemia of CKD who are likely to benefit in terms of quality of life and physical function. There is no evidence to distinguish between erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in terms of efficacy.
The time taken for erythropoetin treatment to be effective will depend on individual patient factors, such as degree of anaemia, degree of renal failure and presence of other adverse factors, eg iron deficiency.
Contra-indications for erythropoetin treatment include uncontrolled hypertension.
Potential side-effects of erythropoetin include increase in blood pressure or aggravation of hypertension, headache, increase in platelet count, influenza-like symptoms (may be reduced if intravenous injection given over 5 minutes), thromboembolic events, pure red cell aplasia, hyperkalaemia, and skin reactions.
There have been very rare reports of pure red cell aplasia in patients treated with epoetin alfa. The Commission on Human Medicines has advised that in patients developing epoetin alfa failure with a diagnosis of pure red cell aplasia, treatment with epoetin alfa must be discontinued and testing for erythropoietin antibodies considered. Patients who develop pure red cell aplasia should not be switched to another erythropoietin.
Monitoring: in people with anaemia of CKD, haemoglobin should be monitored:
Every 2-4 weeks in the induction phase of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent therapy.
Every 1-3 months in the maintenance phase of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent therapy.
More actively after dose adjustment of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.
Epoetin alfa:
Epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin) is used for the anaemia associated with erythropoietin deficiency in chronic renal failure. The clinical efficacy of epoetin alfa and epoetin beta is similar.
It is also used to increase the yield of autologous blood in normal individuals and to shorten the period of anaemia in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Epoetin beta is also used for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates of low birthweight.
Darbepoetin:
Is a hyperglycosylated derivative of epoetin which has a longer half-life and may be administered less frequently than epoetin.
Other factors which contribute to the anaemia of chronic renal failure, eg iron or folate deficiency, should be corrected before treatment and monitored during therapy.
Aluminium toxicity, concurrent infection or other inflammatory disease may impair the response to erythropoietin.[3]
People receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agent maintenance therapy should be given iron supplements (often requires intravenous iron) to keep their:
Serum ferritin between 200 and 500 μg/L, and either:
The transferrin saturation level above 20% (unless ferritin >800 μg/L); or
Percentage hypochromic red cells less than 6% (unless ferritin >800 μg/L).
Clinically relevant hyperparathyroidism should be treated in order to improve anaemia management in patients with anaemia of CKD.
Where possible, blood transfusions should be avoided in patients in whom kidney transplant is a treatment option.

Prognosis

Anaemia is an adverse indicator for the progression of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, correcting anaemia is considered an important part of slowing or even stopping the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in pre-dialysis patients corrects anaemia, avoids the requirement for blood transfusions and also improves quality of life and exercise capacity.

Prevention

Restricting the progression of chronic kidney disease, eg smoking cessation, optimal control of diabetes. 

Treatment

Do you heard Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy?Different from the traditional Chinese medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovation to treat kidney disease in the external area of kidney lesions. It can treat kidney disease from the root cause and effectively prevent the relapse of kidney disease.

If you want to know more about this therapy contact me.


                                                                      

2014年2月11日星期二

Causes of treatment of Acute Renal Failure

Acute Renal Failure is a serious kidney disease,If you are a patient of kidney disease you should now more about acute renal failure.
If you are confused about the difference between acute renal (also called kidney) failure and chronic kidney failure, you came to the right place. Chronic kidney failure is a condition where the kidneys’ ability to filter waste from the bloodstream becomes worse over time, generally over a period of years.
Acute kidney failure is the sudden loss of this important ability. If your kidneys have experienced a direct injury or an obstruction, you are at risk. Although the condition can be life-threatening, it can also be reversible.

What is else should I know about acute kidney failure?

Acute kidney failure is the sudden and dramatic loss of kidney function. This condition develops rapidly, often in just a few days.
Healthy kidneys filter and remove wastes and excess fluid from blood and turn it into urine. When you encounter acute kidney failure, the kidneys are operating at less than 10 percent of normal function. This means wastes such as creatinine and urea nitrogen build up in the bloodstream. If this waste is not removed, you can feel extremely ill.

What causes acute renal failure?

Renal failure symptoms can be difficult to detect. Acute renal failure may occur for a variety of reasons:
A crush-type injury may damage internal organs, including the kidneys
Over-exposure to metals, solvents and certain antibiotics and medication
A kidney infection may cause them to shut down
Obstructions in the urinary tract or renal artery can initiate acute kidney failure. Tumors, kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can block the flow of urine in the urinary tract. A blockage in the renal artery cuts off the supply of oxygen to the kidneys, and kidneys need oxygen to function.
Shock or trauma to the body can lead to low blood pressure. Sometimes the stress of surgery on the body can lower blood pressure to dangerous levels. Extremely low blood pressure means there is a decrease in blood flow, and kidneys will not receive oxygen or filter blood as efficiently as before.
What are the symptoms of acute kidney failure?
One of the most obvious renal failure symptoms is a decrease of urine. This symptom occurs in 70 percent of cases. Many people with acute kidney failure only create 16 ounces of urine a day (the average adult urinates between 34 to 50 ounces per day).
When urine output is low, fluid retention occurs, causing swelling in the legs, feet and ankles. Because wastes are not being removed from your body, you will feel ill. In addition, many people report:
Nausea
Vomiting
Feeling drowsy
Difficulty paying attention
Numbness or decreased sensation in the hands and feet
Doctors can diagnose acute kidney failure with blood and urine tests.

How is acute renal failure treated?

Doctors will first treat any reversible illnesses that caused the renal failure. Infections can be treated with medication. Blockages, such as tumors or kidney stones, may need to be removed. Because treating the causes of acute renal failure takes time, your body will be unable to remove the waste from the bloodstream. In order to remove the toxins from the bloodstream and help you feel better, you would need dialysis.
Sometimes people develop high levels of potassium in their blood as a result of acute renal failure. This is condition is called hyperkalemia. Doctors can prescribe medication to control potassium levels.
In order to help keep the wastes and electrolytes at acceptable levels, you may be placed on a kidney diet that is low in protein, salt and potassium. Your fluid intake may also be restricted.
Can I prevent acute kidney failure?
Taking the necessary steps to stay healthy is the best way to prevent acute kidney failure. If you are going to be hospitalized for surgery or an illness, be aware of the risks and complications of any procedure you may undergo. Immediately report any changes in your urine output. And, as always, follow any instructions your doctors and nurses give you.
Keeping an open channel of communication with your healthcare team can help you get the treatment you need if acute kidney failure occurs.
also you could know some Traditional Chinese therapy,there is a therapy named Blood Pollution Therapy,there is the introduction of this therapy.
The polluted blood flowed in patients’ body is the primary cause of kidney diseases. Blood Pollution Therapy is the latest treatment for kidney disease, which can treat kidney problems from the polluted blood instead of the kidneys.

If you want to know more about acute renal failure and Blood Pollution therapy contact me.

2014年2月10日星期一

High Blood Pressure and Polycystic Kidney Disease

High blood pressure It is a common symptoms of PKD patients in the early time. This is the renal tissues are oppressed by the enlarging cysts. As a result, the kidneys will be in a state of ischemia and anoxia, thus it can lead to high blood pressure.
There have a kind of PKD,Hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

INTRODUCTION

Hypertension is common in most chronic progressive kidney diseases. However, the pathogenesis is somewhat different in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
Hypertension is a common early finding in ADPKD, occurring in 50 to 70 percent of cases before any significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with an average age onset of 30 years . However, the tendency to develop hypertension and its complications begins even earlier (eg, left ventricular hypertrophy) . Affected young adults have a higher ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular mass index than age-matched controls, even though the values remain within the normal range . This raises the possibility that treatment of normotensive ADPKD patients may be beneficial.

PATHOGENESIS

Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and extracellular volume expansion are often present early in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (ie, prior to elevation in the serum creatinine) and may play an important role in the rise in blood pressure . It has been suggested that cyst expansion, leading to focal areas of renal ischemia and enhanced renin release, is largely responsible for at least the initial rise in blood pressure . Two observations are compatible with this hypothesis:
●Renin-containing cells are present in the attenuated arteries in the walls of the cysts and in cells in the connective tissue surrounding cysts . Renin can also be produced by the epithelial cells lining the cysts, and active renin is often present within the cyst fluid. Renin may directly promote epithelial cell hyperplasia and cyst growth since angiotensin II is a growth factor.
●The degree of early hypertension varies with the degree of structural change as patients with normal serum creatinine with an elevated blood pressure tend to have a higher total cyst volume than those who are normotensive.


Treatment

In China,there is a therapy named Blood Pollution Therapy.The polluted blood flowed in patients' body is the primary cause of kidney diseases.This therapy can treat kidney problems from the polluted blood instead of the kidneys.
If you want to know more about this therapy,contact me.

2014年2月8日星期六

How to overcome Dry, Itchy Skin And Allergies if you have CKD

Skin problem is one of common symptoms of kidney disease patients.This article will tell you How to overcome dry, itchy skin And allergies That chronic kidney disease patients often face.

People suffering with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), especially those on dialysis often have problems with itchiness and dryness of their skin including allergies. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology Journal notes that, "Skin disorders associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can markedly affect a patient's quality of life by negatively impacting their mental and physical health." Many CKD sufferers choose to use over-the-counter creams and lotions to try to relieve the irritation, but I strongly suggests that you check with your Nephrologists before using any of them. Besides, there are other less expensive ways to consider.

Solutions to Relieve Skin Itching for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients while on Dialysis

A majority of CKD patients, specifically those on dialysis, may experience itching at some point. Some feel itchy in one area and others feel itchy all over. While there have been studies to understand what exactly causes itchiness in CKD patients, there is no universal cause or solution that can be attributed to every patient. However, a common cause of itching has been attributed to high levels of phosphorus. If you are on dialysis limit foods that are high in phosphorous and remember to take phosphorus binders with every meal and snacks to help prevent or stop itching. Try to maintain a phosphorus level at 5.5 or less. Avoid scratching an itch so you will not break your skin. If this happens, keep the area clean to prevent germs from causing further infection.
also you could take the Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy to ease this symptom.

Can "Too Many" Phosphorus Binders be Harmful to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?

Sometimes itching is caused by an allergic reaction to products you use every day. Even if you have never had an allergic reaction to a product before, you may suddenly develop sensitivity. Antihistamines are used to treat allergies and have helped to relieve itching. You will need to check with your Nephrologists to make sure trying these products will be right for you. For those on dialysis, if itching occurs at the beginning of dialysis treatments, you could have an allergy to dialysis blood tubing, the type of heparin being used or other elements associated with the treatment. Let your Nurses and Nephrologists know so changes can be made.

Skipping and Shortening Dialysis Treatment: A Chronic Kidney Patient Perspective

Dry skin is another common condition for people who suffer with CKD. Kidney failure may make changes in the sweat glands and oil glands, which causes the skin to dry out. Dry skin can cause skin wounds to heal slower than they regularly would as well as itching. To prevent or treat dry skin DaVita HealthCare Partners recommend that those with CKD avoid long, hot showers or baths as they can dry the skin even more. Also, look for soaps that have natural ingredients without harsh perfumes and chemicals. A moisturizing soap for sensitive skin can be a good choice. There are also bath products made with oatmeal created for dry, itchy skin that can be found at drug stores. Also, consider applying a moisturizer, high-water content gel, lotion or cream after bathing, while the skin is still damp. Avoid creams or lotions with alcohol. Ask your Nephrologists about dry skin treatments that are advisable for you to try. You may have to try a few products before you find one that works best for you.

Phosphorus New Found Impact On The Successful Survival Of Kidney Transplant And Dialysis Patients


Itching can also be psychological and a result of stress, anxiety, or other emotional problems. These are just the most common reasons for itching and what may be done to help ease the issue. Many of the solutions have no significant side effects so they may be worth a try. Again, before you begin any treatment, always discuss it with your Nephrologists.

2014年2月7日星期五

How to Know Whether you Have Kidney Failure

Kidney failure is an serious stage of kidney disease.So we should care our kidney function and to know the condition of our kidney disease.

Did you know that each kidney weighs about 5 ounces, and is about the size of your fist? These small organs play a big part in keeping you healthy. In fact, the kidneys are so good at what they do that it is possible to live a healthy lifestyle with only one kidney. And many people do. Some people are born with only one kidney or choose to donate one of their kidneys to a family member or friend who has kidney disease. Others have one of five stages of kidney disease that reduce their kidney function.
One kind of kidney disease is termed acute renal failure (ARF). Acute kidney disease is a sudden loss of kidney function caused by an illness, injury, or toxin that stresses the kidneys. Many cases of ARF can be treated and reversed. Most people with kidney problems have chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a long and usually slow process where the kidneys slowly lose function.

When the kidneys function at 15 percent or less, this is called kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD). But even if kidney function ends, it does not mean your life does! More than 75 percent of the one million nephrons in each kidney must be damaged to cause illness. This means that small declines in renal function do not cause a problem right away. It can take many years to go from CKD to ESRD. Most people with CKD live out their lives without ever reaching end stage renal disease.

Learn more about the warning signs of CKD.

Treatment

There will be a effect if you choose the right way to treat kidney failure.you could have a try about traditional Chinese medicine.

If you have interested in this therapy contact me.



2014年2月6日星期四

How to Reduce Protein in Urine

Bubbly urine is one of common symptoms of kidney disease.So we should pay more attention in reduce to decrease kidney damage.This article will help you to know to reduce protein.
Before you know how to reduce protein in urine, it is essential to understand certain facts about the medical condition known as proteinuria. It is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine. As you know, our kidneys play a very important role in filtering the different bodily fluids and nutrients including proteins. Protein molecules are generally larger in size and cannot get well filtered at times. Such unfiltered proteins are generally passed through the urine once in a while, which is perfectly normal. But protein in urine becomes problematic and dangerous when it is passed in excessive amounts and in concentrated form frequently by the body. It is generally an indication of kidney problems or some infection in kidneys as well as urinary tract. And hence, it is essential to take the immediate treatment if you are diagnosed with proteinuria, that is excessive protein in urine.

Causes of Protein in Urine

Given below are some of the causes of protein in urine, that would help you prevent yourself from developing this hazardous health condition.
Polycystic kidney disease is one of the major causes that can create malfunctions in the kidney resulting in high protein in urine.
According to health experts, diabetes is also one of the conditions that can affect the functionary of the kidneys making it release the protein from the body.
High blood pressure and hypertension is also known to interfere with the kidneys by damaging it which also causes protein in urine.
Patients with heart diseases and heart problems are vulnerable to kidney diseases that can cause proteinuria.
Another cause of proteinuria include, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, and drinking inadequate water or dehydration, etc.
These were some of the persistent and long term causes of proteinuria but sometimes temporary factors too cause impermanent high protein in urine which can be subsided on its own. These temporary causes include, overexposure to cold and heat, fever and emotional and physical stress, etc. But, in such cases, the proteinuria subsides on its own when the underlying causes are eliminated.

Ways to Reduce Protein in Urine

First of all, you have to contact your doctor when you suspect you are passing too much of protein in urine. If you pass a foamy, frothy, and bubbly urine frequents, then you must visit your doctor as soon as possible. Apart from this, the other symptom of proteinuria can include, swelling of the entire body or few body parts, puffy eyes, chronic fatigue, and weight gain, etc. The doctors would analyze and study your urine samples and would determine the amount of protein you are passing. They would also study your medical background, current health status, and urine reports, etc. and would prescribe you with the appropriate revetment for proteinuria. Kidney biopsy test would also be performed to detect the exact kidney problem or disease. In case of kidney infection, antibiotics are prescribed to the person and in case of diabetes and high blood pressure, patients are asked to control their sugar levels and blood pressure levels.

So, the treatment for protein in urine largely depends on the underlying cause. Apart from medication and drugs, doctors also advise patients to follow a low protein diet so the kidneys are not stressed too much for filtering the proteins. Proteinuria patients are asked to avoid certain high protein foods, such as, soy, cheese, milk, chicken, poultry, meat, and nuts and dried fruits, etc. Instead, they are suggested to include various fruits and vegetables in their daily diet. Patients also need to increase their water intake as kidneys need more water to filter the proteins. So drinking lots of water and fresh juices can help patients recover faster.

Keep a good habit will help us deal with kidney disease.best wishes!!!

2014年2月5日星期三

What Should you do If Kidney Cysts Rupture

Do you experienced kidney cysts ruptured? And do you know what should patient do if Kidney Cysts rupture.Hope this article could help you!

Kidney Cysts (Renal Cysts) is a common Kidney Disease. Its incidence grows up with age. Usually, it can develop for decades asymptomatically. However, if the cysts enlarge without interferential treatment, they are very likely to rupture.
In most cases, the patients with Kidney Cysts do not have symptoms in the early stage. Therefore, if the cysts are less than 3 centimeters and do not grow in crucial part, they do not need treatment temporarily and they just need to do B-ultrasound examination one or two times every year. However, for some patients with Kidney Cysts, with the enlargement of kidney cysts, they are very likely to rupture thus causing a series of symptoms such as hematuria, intensive pain, and infection and so on. What′s worse, it may cause Acute Renal Failure. Then what should the patients do if their Kidney Cysts rupture?
The experts remind the patients that they should firstly stop bleeding and use some anti-infectious medicines so as to decline the damage to the utmost extent. Although these measures can remit the symptoms, they can not eliminate the fundamental causes of the ruptured Renal Cysts. Therefore, the patients should prevent the enlargement of Kidney Cysts and shrink the big Renal Cysts. If so, they will be able to prevent Kidney Cysts from rupturing from its root cause. After many years′ clinical practices, Chinese Medicine  therapy has showed it tremendous effect in treating Kidney Cysts.
MFuneng Chinese Medicine  therapy is an external therapy. After the Chinese medicines are superfinely shattered, they will be able to penetrate into kidney lesions through blood circulation with the help of penetrant and osmosis devices. Then the effective integrants of medicines can restrain the epithelial cells of cysts thus making them lose secretion ability. As a result, the cysts will stop growing. Moreover, the medicines can improve the permeability of cyst wall and blood circulation so the cyst fluid will flow into blood vessels. Afterwards, the cyst fluid will be brought into urine through blood circulation. Finally, they will be discharged out of body in urine.

From the above, it can be seen that Chinese Medicine therapy not only can prevent the growth of Kidney Cysts, but also can shrink the cysts to some extent. Therefore, it is able to prevent the cysts from rupturing from its root cause.

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